In civil cases, which statement correctly differentiates pecuniary damages from non-pecuniary damages?

• A. Pecuniary damages are monetary losses easily quantifiable; non-pecuniary damages include pain and suffering, loss of enjoyment, etc.
• B. Pecuniary damages are non-monetary, non-quantifiable; non-pecuniary are monetary losses.
• C. Pecuniary damages refer to only future losses.
• D. Pecuniary damages apply only to contract cases.

Answer: (A)

In civil cases, damages are categorized by how easily they can be measured in money. Pecuniary damages, also known as special damages, are monetary losses that can be quantified with a dollar amount—things like medical bills, lost wages, and property repairs. Non-pecuniary damages cover non-monetary harms, such as pain and suffering, loss of enjoyment of life, or emotional distress.

The statement presented matches this distinction: pecuniary damages are monetary losses easily quantifiable, while non-pecuniary damages include pain and suffering and similar harms. The other ideas don’t fit because pecuniary damages are not non-monetary, they aren’t limited to future losses only, and they aren’t restricted to contract cases.