When does a treaty become binding?

• A. Upon signature
• B. When the nation ratifies it
• C. When it is published
• D. When it is drafted

Answer: (B)

In international law, a treaty becomes binding when a state gives formal consent to be bound by it. This consent is usually expressed through ratification, after the treaty has been negotiated and signed and often after domestic approval. Once a state ratifies (and the treaty comes into force as the text specifies), the state is legally bound to uphold the treaty. Signing signals intent but does not by itself create binding obligations, and publication or drafting are about communication and creation, not legal commitment.