Which of the following are included in ADR?

• A. Litigation only
• B. Mediation, Arbitration, and Conciliation
• C. Court trials
• D. Police investigations

Answer: (B)

ADR stands for Alternative Dispute Resolution. It refers to methods used to settle disputes outside traditional court processes. The options that fit ADR are mediation, arbitration, and conciliation. Mediation brings in a neutral mediator to facilitate discussion and help parties reach a voluntary agreement. Arbitration involves a neutral arbitrator who hears the case and makes a decision that is usually binding on both sides. Conciliation is like mediation but the conciliator may suggest terms and help negotiate a settlement. These approaches avoid court trials and are part of the legal system's toolbox for resolving conflicts more efficiently. The other choices involve court-based actions or police investigations, which are not ADR.