Which of the following is NOT a branch of public law?

• A. Administrative law
• B. Constitutional law
• C. Criminal law
• D. Environmental law

Answer: (D)

Public law concerns the relationships between individuals and the state and how government power is exercised. Constitutional law deals with the framework and powers of the government itself, while administrative law governs how government agencies operate and make decisions. Criminal law defines offences against the state and the penalties for those offences, reflecting the state’s role in maintaining public order. Environmental law focuses on regulating activities to protect the environment and often involves a mix of public regulation and private-law issues like liability for environmental harm; it isn’t primarily about how the state is organized or how its agencies function. Because of that focus, environmental law is not typically viewed as one of the branches of public law.